Konstrukcje

Konstrukcje

CONSTRUCTIONS 

Neither ..............nor – ani, ani

To jest przeczenie , po tym nie można pisać przeczeń

Neither Janek nor Paweł is angry

(Is – twierdzenie )

Ani Janek ani Paweł nie jest zły

Neither Paweł nor Janek is honest

It is no use crying – nie ma sensu plakać

It is no use complaining

There is no point in crying - nie ma sensu plakać

There is no point in breaking

If only I could swim – życzenia na terażniejszość simple past – Gdybym tylko umiała pływać

If only I had

If only I lived

If only I had been życzenia na przeszłość past perfect

Konstrukcje strony biernej

It is said that he is rich = he is said to be rich – mowi sie

It is believed that he is talented= he is said to be talented

They say he writes novels=it is said that he writes novels= he is said to write

They think he lives in Alaska= it is thought that he lives= he is thought to live

So do I – i ja też

S0 + operator + osoba

I like muisc, so does she     Lubię muzykę i ona też

She likes music, so do I

He likes music, so do they

They liked the show, so did mike.

They will cancel it, so will Sarah.

Przypuszczenie odnośnie przeszłości

Modal + have + III forma lub ed

She must have forgotten – on chyba zapomniała

She  must have lost – chyba zgubila

She might have overlespt- chyba zaspala

She had to do it- musiała zrobić , przymus

She must have done it – chyba zrobiła – przypuszczenie

Po when, as soon as (jak tylko), as long as (pod warunkiem że)  , before, if, after , until , provided that, providing that (pod warunkiem że)  nie używamy simple future , tylko simple present

When I finish writing it, I will watch “you can dance “

As long as you promise to give it back soon, I will lend you my car.

Zdania warunkowe

I – przyszłość – realna

If Simple Present, Simple Future

I you learn, you will pass.

II _ hipotezy, gdybania

If Simple past, would + forma podstawowa

If you knew English, you would be accepted.

III.Przeszlośc.

If Past Perfect, would have III forma lub ed

If you had not cheated , the teacher  would not have punished you.

Mixeed

II z III , III z II

If I had learnt then , I would know English now.

If I were you, I wouldn’t have accepted that job last year.

O zerwoy – przyzwyczajenia, fizyka, przyroda

If Simple present, simple present

If Iam bored , I go to the gym.

 Gerundium, infinitive- ing, to

Accuse of + ing -oskarżać

Deny + ing – zaprzeczać

Avoid + ing - unikać

Refuse + to-odmawiać

Promise + to

Hope + to

Admit + to – przyznawać

Seem = to

Regret + to – przykro mi poinformować

Regret = to –zalować czegoś z przeszlości

Claim + to- twierdzić

Encourage + to – zachęcać

Allow + to- pozwalać

Intend + to – zamierzać

She forget seeing the Eiffel Tower- zapomniała że kiedykolwiek widziała

She forgot to water the flowers – zapomniała aby

           

Remember to feed the dog before leaving. Pamiętaj aby

I don’t  remember seeing him at the parry last night.- nie pamietam tego faktu z przeszłości

Can we stop here to admire the view?- zatrzymać się aby

He stopped studying and switched on the TV.- zaniechać jakiejś czynności

She was sorry for yelling at him.

I hate to argue, but you are definitefy wrong.Nie chcę się teraz kłócić

She denied having done it= she denied doing it (mozna uzyć formy having done zamiast doing to jest to samo)

She denied having cheated= she denied cheating = she denied that she had cheated

Inversion

 Po zwrotach

Barely- zaledwie

 Hardly (ever) ... when,- jak tylko ,zaledwie

 ln no way,

In/Under no circumstances, - pod żadnym pozorem

Little,

 Never (before),

Nor/Neither,

No sooner ... than, - jak tylko, zaledwie

Not even once,

Not only ... but also,

Not since, Not till/until, Nowhere, Only by, Only in this way, On no account, On no occasion, Only then, Rarely, Scarcely (ever) .., when,

Seldom etc.

Under no circumstances should you open the door.

Seldom do we see him these days.

.Only when they had left, did he burst into tears.!!!

Were I you, l would see a doctor. (If l were you, ... - Type 2)

Had I been asked, I  would have helped~ (If I  had been asked, ... Type 3)

So short  is she that she can't reach the shelf.

He likes trout." °So does his wife."

°She doesn't like fish." "Neither/Nor do l.

Here comes Ann! 

Would rather – wolałbym

I would rather you left

I would rather you didn’t leave

Ale

I would rather go

I would rather break

I would rather not go

Prefer

Jesli generalnie coś wolimy:

I prefer working to saying at home and getting bored.

She prefers learning to working out.

Had better- lepiej

You had better go

You had better not go

Due to – z powodu

Owing to – z powodu

As long as, provided that, providing that –pod warunkiem ze w odniesieniu do przyszlości nie wolno po tych zwrotach używać simple Future tylko simple present

I will give you the book back as long as you promise to lend me it some time

I will lend you the money provided that you give it back tomorrow.

In case – na wypadek

ze w odniesieniu do przyszłości nie wolno po tym zwrocie używać Simple Future tylko simple present

I will take my brolly in case it rains.

But for – gdyby nie

Używa sie w 2,3 trybie warunkowym

III But for your help, I would have drowned.= If you hadn’t helped me, I would have drowned.

II  But for your support, I would have poor marks.= If you didn’t support, I would have poor marks.

Wish

I wish I knew French – zyczenie na terażniejszość – Simple Past

I wish you would stop coughing into my face.- przyszłość – would

I wish I had bought that equipment – przeszłość – past perfect

Jeżeli zaczynamy tłumaczenie od żałuje a w języku polskim jest twierdzenie to w angielskim jest przeczenie i odwrotnie

Żałuje że nie byłem obecny

I wish I had been present.

Żałuje że zapisałem się na kurs.

I wish I had not enrolled in the course.

None of – zaden ( wiecej niż 2 osoby)

Neither of – zaden z 2

Neither of my 2 brothers is honest with me.

None of us in our class will be given this summer job.

Run out of – zabraknąć- podmiotem jest osoba ktorej czegoś zabrakło

I have run out of sugar

We have run out of ink

Likely- prawdopodobnie

She is liekely to pass

It is likely that she will pass

He is likely to fail

It is likely that he will  fail

Supposed- oczekuje się

I am supposed to learn it all by heart- mam sie nauczyć

She is supposed to learn

Allowed to – zezwala sie

She is allowed to go out

Is she allowe to go out?

He isn’t allowed to go out

Parking is not allowed.

Money , hair, furniture, news, information, fruit (owoce) , sheep, (owce) fish( ryby) advice is

Everyone , someone , no one is

Liczba mnoga

Mouse- mice

Woman- women

Tooth- teeth

Fish- fish

Person-people

Knife- knives

Thief- thieves